Is Mercury Toxic?
Yes, mercury is toxic, and its effects depend on the form, route of exposure, and dose. The following sections explain the types of mercury and associated health risks.
Forms of Mercury
- Elemental mercury (liquid metal) – Dangerous if inhaled as vapor; used in thermometers and some dental amalgams.
- Inorganic mercury compounds – Found in some disinfectants and industrial chemicals; can cause kidney damage if ingested or absorbed.
- Organic mercury compounds (e.g. methylmercury) – Found in fish and seafood; highly neurotoxic, especially to developing brains.
Health Effects of Mercury Exposure
Health consequences vary based on dose and duration:
- Acute exposure: Cough, lung irritation, nausea, visual disturbances, headache.
- Chronic exposure: Memory loss, tremors, mood changes, insomnia, immune suppression, birth defects.
Sources: WHO Mercury and Health Fact Sheet, ATSDR Toxicological Profile
